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	<title>Comments on: Seven rungs of resistance</title>
	<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/</link>
	<description>Official web site for jazz musician Wynton Marsalis. Offers news, tour dates, latest releases, audio and video podcast, biography, discography, photo gallery.</description>
	<pubDate>Wed, 17 Mar 2010 06:12:21 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Dominic Powell</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45944</link>
		<dc:creator>Dominic Powell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2009 16:01:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45944</guid>
		<description>Wynton,

Wow! I'm just really impressed with your candidness and wealth of wisdom you've earned over the years.  Thank you for communicating this to us.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wynton,</p>
<p>Wow! I&#8217;m just really impressed with your candidness and wealth of wisdom you&#8217;ve earned over the years.  Thank you for communicating this to us.</p>
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		<title>By: Beverly Woods</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45501</link>
		<dc:creator>Beverly Woods</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:57:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45501</guid>
		<description>I knew how heavy you were when I once heard you
breakdown and define a note.  Thank you for the seven rungs of resistance, I am passing them on to all the
young people I know.  I hope this will help them.
Please continue to enlighten us with your wisdom.
I hope to see you in San Francisco this fall.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I knew how heavy you were when I once heard you<br />
breakdown and define a note.  Thank you for the seven rungs of resistance, I am passing them on to all the<br />
young people I know.  I hope this will help them.<br />
Please continue to enlighten us with your wisdom.<br />
I hope to see you in San Francisco this fall.</p>
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		<title>By: Sonalii</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45332</link>
		<dc:creator>Sonalii</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2009 17:30:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45332</guid>
		<description>Very good points! A failed artist is one that gives up on the pursuit of one's art- succumbing to one or more of the above points mentioned. It is the act of the individual that defines one's failure as an artist. I don't believe anyone can actually label one as a failed artist in terms of creativity. I think that label may be the common misconception if one doesn't make monetary strides in pursuit of one's art, then he or she is a failure. I've never subscribed to this concept and I don't think many artist do. If you believe in what you do and don't let anything stand in the way of pursuing your artistry, then you can't be seen as failing.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Very good points! A failed artist is one that gives up on the pursuit of one&#8217;s art- succumbing to one or more of the above points mentioned. It is the act of the individual that defines one&#8217;s failure as an artist. I don&#8217;t believe anyone can actually label one as a failed artist in terms of creativity. I think that label may be the common misconception if one doesn&#8217;t make monetary strides in pursuit of one&#8217;s art, then he or she is a failure. I&#8217;ve never subscribed to this concept and I don&#8217;t think many artist do. If you believe in what you do and don&#8217;t let anything stand in the way of pursuing your artistry, then you can&#8217;t be seen as failing.</p>
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		<title>By: marchell jackson/songwriter</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45232</link>
		<dc:creator>marchell jackson/songwriter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Apr 2009 18:39:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45232</guid>
		<description>just what is a failed artist??? Is this soemthing that everyone will be at one time or another?  Who give this label as such. I am puzzled.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>just what is a failed artist??? Is this soemthing that everyone will be at one time or another?  Who give this label as such. I am puzzled.</p>
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		<title>By: Maria</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45224</link>
		<dc:creator>Maria</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Apr 2009 21:52:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45224</guid>
		<description>Many of the same type of obsticles occure for visual artists as well.  We hear that being an artist is not important, that we should do something more responsible and lucrative with a guaranteed monitary return. We hear that we should learn how to draw before we begin to deconstruct drawing.  So much of overcoming obsticles on this uncarved path is having faith in ones own life - the kind of wisdom that almost takes a life to learn.

I myself did learn to draw before I began to deconstruct... but I think this is a natural progression.  Once a technique is mastered it can become boring - and what is interesting is what is not "supposed" to be happening - the variation in the line, a drop of spilled paint, the nuance of doing something "wrong," - exaggerating or being subtle, and lots and lots of play.  Thas led me to appreciate not just obvious forms of variation such as expressionism but also children's art, art brut (naive art) etc.

There ARE demonds that lie along the pathway of the road less traveled for the creative soul... lets slay them!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Many of the same type of obsticles occure for visual artists as well.  We hear that being an artist is not important, that we should do something more responsible and lucrative with a guaranteed monitary return. We hear that we should learn how to draw before we begin to deconstruct drawing.  So much of overcoming obsticles on this uncarved path is having faith in ones own life - the kind of wisdom that almost takes a life to learn.</p>
<p>I myself did learn to draw before I began to deconstruct&#8230; but I think this is a natural progression.  Once a technique is mastered it can become boring - and what is interesting is what is not &#8220;supposed&#8221; to be happening - the variation in the line, a drop of spilled paint, the nuance of doing something &#8220;wrong,&#8221; - exaggerating or being subtle, and lots and lots of play.  Thas led me to appreciate not just obvious forms of variation such as expressionism but also children&#8217;s art, art brut (naive art) etc.</p>
<p>There ARE demonds that lie along the pathway of the road less traveled for the creative soul&#8230; lets slay them!</p>
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		<title>By: careba</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45213</link>
		<dc:creator>careba</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2009 23:00:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45213</guid>
		<description>Overcoming? any resistance:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lp0IWv8QZY</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Overcoming? any resistance:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lp0IWv8QZY" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outbound/comment/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lp0IWv8QZY');" rel="nofollow">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lp0IWv8QZY</a></p>
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		<title>By: careba</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45212</link>
		<dc:creator>careba</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2009 22:47:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45212</guid>
		<description>Overcoming the seven, eight, nine, ten.....resistances:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lp0IWv8QZY</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Overcoming the seven, eight, nine, ten&#8230;..resistances:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lp0IWv8QZY" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outbound/comment/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lp0IWv8QZY');" rel="nofollow">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lp0IWv8QZY</a></p>
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		<title>By: Karen</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45209</link>
		<dc:creator>Karen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2009 17:55:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45209</guid>
		<description>"1" is of the Western Aesthetic anyway. Is Jazz necessarily of the Western Aesthetic?  "1" is not consistant, it is not a "Universal Truth" of all musical structures.

Take 1 and pass it on... heehee...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;1&#8243; is of the Western Aesthetic anyway. Is Jazz necessarily of the Western Aesthetic?  &#8220;1&#8243; is not consistant, it is not a &#8220;Universal Truth&#8221; of all musical structures.</p>
<p>Take 1 and pass it on&#8230; heehee&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: marchell jackson/songwriter</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45207</link>
		<dc:creator>marchell jackson/songwriter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2009 17:39:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45207</guid>
		<description>Drummers should know of the piano for example tunning their drums and for melodic/chord voice references for a better communication and understanding of the piece.

I would never tell someone they HAVE TO STUDY CLASSICAL TO play Jazz? I agree bad advice.  However, I here improvisation in both studies of these studies. i feel its good to study classical but have to no.

Jazz can be funky but funk is not jazz=feel me on that one?
I guess it depends on what we call a star of failed artist.And success and in who's eyes.  I feel personalyl I have been very successful and have a lot of knowledge to give to others but,I am open to learning more. 

No matter what I seem to have accomplished my friend and teacher was the last one to give me a compliment.  But someone how I was alwasy trying to do better to get the approval from him of my achievements. I still struggle with this, even knowing in my heart I have done a good job and knowing anything I do I can make it different or in my yes do it better. I waited now for him to tell me about a song I sang Pannonica indeed I am flowing over the time like a butterfly I was critized for singing; ahead,on, behind and the beat of "1".By other musicians until they said "Hmmm yea this is acceptable because clearly you estblish you know "1" in the tune.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Drummers should know of the piano for example tunning their drums and for melodic/chord voice references for a better communication and understanding of the piece.</p>
<p>I would never tell someone they HAVE TO STUDY CLASSICAL TO play Jazz? I agree bad advice.  However, I here improvisation in both studies of these studies. i feel its good to study classical but have to no.</p>
<p>Jazz can be funky but funk is not jazz=feel me on that one?<br />
I guess it depends on what we call a star of failed artist.And success and in who&#8217;s eyes.  I feel personalyl I have been very successful and have a lot of knowledge to give to others but,I am open to learning more. </p>
<p>No matter what I seem to have accomplished my friend and teacher was the last one to give me a compliment.  But someone how I was alwasy trying to do better to get the approval from him of my achievements. I still struggle with this, even knowing in my heart I have done a good job and knowing anything I do I can make it different or in my yes do it better. I waited now for him to tell me about a song I sang Pannonica indeed I am flowing over the time like a butterfly I was critized for singing; ahead,on, behind and the beat of &#8220;1&#8243;.By other musicians until they said &#8220;Hmmm yea this is acceptable because clearly you estblish you know &#8220;1&#8243; in the tune.</p>
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		<title>By: Dan Wright</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45164</link>
		<dc:creator>Dan Wright</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2009 00:15:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45164</guid>
		<description>Wynton,
I'm personally impressed by these. I'm a trumpeter, but my focus is on business now. I read and reread books like Think and Grow Rich, Napolean Hill; Developing the Leader Within, John C. Maxwell; and The Go-Giver, Bob Burg and John David Mann. These are a small sampling of my library, and your 7 points will be added to it. Are they published?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wynton,<br />
I&#8217;m personally impressed by these. I&#8217;m a trumpeter, but my focus is on business now. I read and reread books like Think and Grow Rich, Napolean Hill; Developing the Leader Within, John C. Maxwell; and The Go-Giver, Bob Burg and John David Mann. These are a small sampling of my library, and your 7 points will be added to it. Are they published?</p>
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		<title>By: DK Johnson</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45158</link>
		<dc:creator>DK Johnson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2009 21:45:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45158</guid>
		<description>Thanks! real is cool. BS is not. Love the music, thanks for sharing, everyone else, most of all me! Step it up!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks! real is cool. BS is not. Love the music, thanks for sharing, everyone else, most of all me! Step it up!</p>
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		<title>By: gloria</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45155</link>
		<dc:creator>gloria</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2009 10:15:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45155</guid>
		<description>Interesting! 

The list could go on... untold rungs of resistance experienced by musicians Palestrina, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Schubert, Schumann to Louis Armstrong, W.C. Handy, Charlie Parker, Bessie Smith, etc. Their artistry and influence remaining strong through the test of time.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interesting! </p>
<p>The list could go on&#8230; untold rungs of resistance experienced by musicians Palestrina, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Schubert, Schumann to Louis Armstrong, W.C. Handy, Charlie Parker, Bessie Smith, etc. Their artistry and influence remaining strong through the test of time.</p>
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		<title>By: Karen</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45147</link>
		<dc:creator>Karen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2009 14:30:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45147</guid>
		<description>Good morning and Happy Easter, Wynton.  I'm happy to see that these were posted here, I was worried that we would lose them as more people posted on Facebook.  Have a wonderful holiday and see you soon,
Karen</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Good morning and Happy Easter, Wynton.  I&#8217;m happy to see that these were posted here, I was worried that we would lose them as more people posted on Facebook.  Have a wonderful holiday and see you soon,<br />
Karen</p>
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		<title>By: Neil King</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45146</link>
		<dc:creator>Neil King</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2009 13:28:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45146</guid>
		<description>I want to comment on no. 2. Being a public educator and a person striving to find swing, I see this all the time.
I feel that most of today...  Read More’s band director’s lack the necessary tools to teach the Art of Jazz. This could in part be dealt with by having college music education programs provide a jazz pedagogy course to would-be music educators. The class would need a text that not only covered basic elements of teaching jazz, but also a section on picking appropriate works for a jazz festival. States also need to have a graded list of charts (most do with concert band music) that could serve as a guide for educators to select quality literature. Maybe this could come from the national MENC office.

I am well aware that J@LC publishes many works and gives charts to schools that are enrolled in their program. I am also aware that you provide a summer jazz workshop for educators. I cannot in words express the gratitude that I feel for this being done. However, most of the people that are going to attend a J@LC camp are already very committed educators to jazz education. The only way in WV that we could get music educators to attend a jazz seminar is to bring it to them. This can be accomplished by having more jazz events at State Music Educators Conference.

MENC needs to become more involved with bringing jazz to ...  Read Moreeducators. Most educators today are more concerned with their marching band program than teaching kids to swing. As an educator I am well aware of the pressure that is often placed upon them to produce. Marching bands are obviously the most visible part of a program. There is great emphasis placed upon directors to have a good marching band. We need to see that more importance is placed upon offering a complete program. Marching Band, Concert Band, and Jazz Ensemble. This is not happening. Aside from the fact that we have directors that are not equipped to teach jazz, we also have schedules that do not allow students to engage in the Art At my current school, freshmen are given one elective. My school offers a Concert Band, Wind Ensemble, Jazz Ensemble, Percussion class, and an improvisation class. It is becoming more difficult to fill these classes due to the lack of emphasis put on arts based courses. This is all legislated by the government. I have heard rumblings of ...  Read MorePresident Obama appointing an Arts Education Advisor. This would be a true step in the right direction.

What all this comes down to is the fact that money would have to be put into the arts and state level jazz education offered. In education there always seems to be a lack of connection from the teachers and those making the decisions. I am certain that more teachers would teach jazz if they had an understanding of it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I want to comment on no. 2. Being a public educator and a person striving to find swing, I see this all the time.<br />
I feel that most of today&#8230;  Read More’s band director’s lack the necessary tools to teach the Art of Jazz. This could in part be dealt with by having college music education programs provide a jazz pedagogy course to would-be music educators. The class would need a text that not only covered basic elements of teaching jazz, but also a section on picking appropriate works for a jazz festival. States also need to have a graded list of charts (most do with concert band music) that could serve as a guide for educators to select quality literature. Maybe this could come from the national MENC office.</p>
<p>I am well aware that J@LC publishes many works and gives charts to schools that are enrolled in their program. I am also aware that you provide a summer jazz workshop for educators. I cannot in words express the gratitude that I feel for this being done. However, most of the people that are going to attend a J@LC camp are already very committed educators to jazz education. The only way in WV that we could get music educators to attend a jazz seminar is to bring it to them. This can be accomplished by having more jazz events at State Music Educators Conference.</p>
<p>MENC needs to become more involved with bringing jazz to &#8230;  Read Moreeducators. Most educators today are more concerned with their marching band program than teaching kids to swing. As an educator I am well aware of the pressure that is often placed upon them to produce. Marching bands are obviously the most visible part of a program. There is great emphasis placed upon directors to have a good marching band. We need to see that more importance is placed upon offering a complete program. Marching Band, Concert Band, and Jazz Ensemble. This is not happening. Aside from the fact that we have directors that are not equipped to teach jazz, we also have schedules that do not allow students to engage in the Art At my current school, freshmen are given one elective. My school offers a Concert Band, Wind Ensemble, Jazz Ensemble, Percussion class, and an improvisation class. It is becoming more difficult to fill these classes due to the lack of emphasis put on arts based courses. This is all legislated by the government. I have heard rumblings of &#8230;  Read MorePresident Obama appointing an Arts Education Advisor. This would be a true step in the right direction.</p>
<p>What all this comes down to is the fact that money would have to be put into the arts and state level jazz education offered. In education there always seems to be a lack of connection from the teachers and those making the decisions. I am certain that more teachers would teach jazz if they had an understanding of it.</p>
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		<title>By: Corey Cook</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45142</link>
		<dc:creator>Corey Cook</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2009 02:18:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45142</guid>
		<description>How does Herlin Riley feel about that? I think he tried playing trumpet one time, but I don't know if he could do anything with a piano. That list- I shouldn't say, "had" to deal, it's a current thing. Yesterday, and today. Any one of those on there. When Chris comes back I think he'll play trombone again. Ok, thanks.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How does Herlin Riley feel about that? I think he tried playing trumpet one time, but I don&#8217;t know if he could do anything with a piano. That list- I shouldn&#8217;t say, &#8220;had&#8221; to deal, it&#8217;s a current thing. Yesterday, and today. Any one of those on there. When Chris comes back I think he&#8217;ll play trombone again. Ok, thanks.</p>
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		<title>By: Corey Cook</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45141</link>
		<dc:creator>Corey Cook</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2009 02:12:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45141</guid>
		<description>I've had to deal with every one of those at one point or another- thanks for posting that. Classical music vs. jazz- they're apples and oranges, aren't they? Also I don't agree with the old drummer vs. musician thing- someone told me I had to play piano too. Do you have to compensate? Drums are a sensitive instrument- so to say you should have to compensate to be a "musician"- ...I don't know. To me, there's enough there to become dedicated to, with just drums.  But I guess I can see the viewpoint since playing piano might help you learn to compose, if you wanted to compose. "Like Max and Jack DeJohnette." ...But he's James Moody! So I listened. I met him at the Blue Note and talked to Jon Faddis also.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ve had to deal with every one of those at one point or another- thanks for posting that. Classical music vs. jazz- they&#8217;re apples and oranges, aren&#8217;t they? Also I don&#8217;t agree with the old drummer vs. musician thing- someone told me I had to play piano too. Do you have to compensate? Drums are a sensitive instrument- so to say you should have to compensate to be a &#8220;musician&#8221;- &#8230;I don&#8217;t know. To me, there&#8217;s enough there to become dedicated to, with just drums.  But I guess I can see the viewpoint since playing piano might help you learn to compose, if you wanted to compose. &#8220;Like Max and Jack DeJohnette.&#8221; &#8230;But he&#8217;s James Moody! So I listened. I met him at the Blue Note and talked to Jon Faddis also.</p>
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		<title>By: RT @wyntonmarsalis The 7 Rungs of Resistance &#171; BLACK paPR Report</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45140</link>
		<dc:creator>RT @wyntonmarsalis The 7 Rungs of Resistance &#171; BLACK paPR Report</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2009 00:44:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45140</guid>
		<description>[...] Seven rungs of resistance [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[&#8230;] Seven rungs of resistance [&#8230;]</p>
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		<title>By: Janice Cartier</title>
		<link>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45137</link>
		<dc:creator>Janice Cartier</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2009 21:12:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.wyntonmarsalis.org/2009/04/11/seven-rungs-of-resistance/#comment-45137</guid>
		<description>Amen.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Amen.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
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